Women and the islamic revolution international journal of. The 1979 revolution was a characteristically iranian revolution a revolution by the whole society against the state in which various ideologies were represented, the most dominant being those with islamic tendencies islamist, marxistislamic and democraticislamic and marxistleninist tendencies fadai, tudeh, maoist, trotskyist, and others. The middle easts democracy deficit in comparative perspective. The islamic revolution occurred in 1979, in the muslim majority country of iran. Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution september 30, 20 this case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of 1970s iran that led the iranian people to accept, and then maintain, religion as the basis of a new political system after deposing mohammad reza shah pahlavi in 1979. Heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran. The shah, irans ruler for nearly four decades, had fled the country. At the first signs of escalating unrest in early 1978, neither iranian nor u. A history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. The iranian revolution took place in a period predominated by the understanding of a bipolar world and the cold war.
Irans islamic revolution the christian science monitor. Research objectives were achieved by respondents answering three questions. In revolutionary iran, michael axworthy guides us through recent iranian history from shortly before the 1979 islamic revolution through the summer of 2009, when iranians poured into the streets of tehran by the hundreds of thousands, demanding free, democratic government. Get an answer for what are the main points of the islamic revolution in 1979. The iranian revolution was inextricably linked to religion, which is a cultural. On balance, the iranian revolution of 1979 was more about introducing new ideas into the religiopolitical lexicon of muslims than it was about asserting iranian independence and sovereignty, mahan abedin wrote january 3, 2007, in asia times. The iranian revolution past, present and future content.
Celebrating its 35th anniversary, irans islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances. The islamic revolution and iran under ayatollah khomeini, 1979 1989 8 president rafsanjani and the era of reconstruction, 1989 1997 9 president khatami and the reform movement, 1997 2005 10 2 politics 15 2. Nato had artificially bolstered the monarch of mohammad reza shah, now known as the last shah king of iran. Many researchers believe that islamic revolution is a part of a turning point of an i. The iranian revolution of 1979 has been described as one of the epochal events of the twentieth. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of 2,500 years of persian monarchy mohammadi 38. Islamic revolution in iran that would alter this country forever. Khomeinis theory of islamic state and the making of the. The islamic republic of iran was proclaimed in 1979 after followers of the ayatollah khomeini drove the u.
By roger cohen tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. Chapter 1 the historical background chapter 2 notes on the history of iran chapter 3 the communist party of iran chapter 4 the february revolution of 1979 chapter 5 the basis of islamic fundamentalism chapter 6 the economics of counterrevolution. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east. Consists of countries such as israel, iran, iraq, saudi arabia. During this era, iran experienced a harsh economic downturn, urban. The leadership of the islamic republic has avoided repeating. What are some of the main ideas and cause and affect of the revolution. The public remarks of iranian leaders indicate that tehran has been consistently committed to spreading its ideology beyond irans borders since 1979. The revolution was mostly nonviolent, although there were incidents of armed struggle. The formation of the council of the islamic revolutionjanuary 12, 1979 246 the fortieth day after ashurajanuary 15, 1979 249 declaration upon arrival at tehranfebruary 1, 1979 252 address at bihisht i zahrafebruary 1, 1979 254 martial law is contrary to the sharia february 11, 1979 261. Political participation of women in iran after 1979. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of.
Many single years are filled with insignificant people and events that do not have great effects on global or domestic relations. Final document of the xv ministerial conference of nonaligned movement held. The iranian revolution of 19781979 violently e nded the monarchy of shah mohammed reza pahlavi 19191980 and replaced it with an islamic republic, the theocracy of ayatollah ruhollah. Supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. Economic decline and revolutionary turmoil in the 1970s even though the peak of the revolution was in 1979, key preliminary events occurred throughout the mid 1970s. Following mossadegh and the cias first coup, in 1979 iran experienced what was known as the islamic revolution. He also served several times as general secretary of the islamic republic party.
The newsmagazine for teens tehran, irans capital, was in a state of revolt on jan. Although the events of 1979 became an islamic revolution, they were initially concerned with economic and political change as. The iranian revolution of february 1979, by homa katouzian. The uniqueness of the 1979 iranian revolution, also referred to as the 1979 islamic revolution, demands that one analyzes the influence religion plays in revolutions and revolutionary ideology. The iranian revolution of 1979 has been described as one of the epochal events of the twentieth century, inaugurating a period of islamic revivalism and struggles against modernization in. A pledge to exporting the revolution is enshrined in irans constitution. Nov 25, 2019 heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran. Iranian foreign policy on the 35 anniversary of the. The threat of a new terrorist attack sponsored revolution in some part by iran is just the latest in a series of trouble that islamic regime has caused this country. He was appointed to the council of the islamic revolution in 1979, and between 1979 and 1981 he was a member of the majlis, serving as deputy minister of defense, commander of the revolutionary guard, and representative on the supreme council of defense. The christian science monitor is an international news organization that delivers thoughtful, global coverage via its website, weekly magazine, online daily edition, and email newsletters. The islamic revolution of 1979 took place in a nonarab country with a rich historical heritage, universalist pretentions and a political economy that both empowered and enabled it. Iran is as committed to exporting the islamic revolution today as it was in 1979.
This is a video presentation in partial fulfillment of persyan 10. Jun 04, 2018 this article is about the 1979 iranian islamic revolution in iran. For the revolution that took place between 1905 and 1911, see persian constitutional revolution. The bbc persian service and the islamic revolution of 1979. Jun 18, 2019 in the late 1970s, the pahlavi dynasty was overthrown and replaced by a new islamic republic of iran.
Aug 17, 2009 remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks to iranianborn journalist kasra naji about. This research describes the political participation of women in iran after the 1979 islamic revolution. If the 1979 nicaraguan revolution and sandinista regime were of limited consequence for world politics in the grand scheme of things, the iranian revolution and islamic republic. Political participation of women in iran after 1979 islamic. Heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. As a matter of fact khomeni and the islamic revolution was a well crafted tool of bush supporters in the cia to actually weaken a peoples revolution in iran an to prevent communism from taking over after the shah escaped. Iran remembers 1979 islamic revolution amid high us. Islamic revolution simple english wikipedia, the free.
Demonstrations against the shah commenced in october 1977, developing into a campaign of civil resistance, and intensified in january 1978. Guardians of the islamic revolution deep blue university of. Ayatollah khomeini start a movement base on pure islamic thought ashura and made a social movement that an islamic republic government concluded from that. This article is about the 1979 iranian islamic revolution in iran. Sep 25, 2011 the iranian revolution also known as the islamic revolution or 1979 revolution refers to events involving the overthrow of irans monarchy and its replacement with an islamic republic. Iranians vote on friday in the 10th presidential election since the 1979 islamic revolution which toppled the u. Pdf this paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah ruhollah played in the. The iranian revolution of 1979, as all historical revolutions, did not happen in a. Here is an overview of the events that led up to the iranian revolution, as well as the events in the revolution and the aftermath.
Irans islamic revolution after the overthrow of the shah, an american ally became one of its biggest adversaries. Were the thirteen essays michel foucault wrote in 19781979 endorsing the iranian revolution an aberration of his earlier work or an inevitable pitfall of his stance on enlightenment rationality, as critics have long alleged. The islamic revolution of 1979 took place in a nonarab. S supported the shah for some time he even came to america for treatment in 1979 when he was suffering from cancer later died on july 1980 hostage crisis this article was about the shah which was mohammed reza pahlade who. The february 1979 iranian revolution was the largest urban mass uprising. The bbc persian service and the islamic revolution of 1979 massoumeh torfeh and annabelle sreberny in the recent political crisis in iran that followed the contested presidential elections of 12 june, 2009, bbc persian television henceforth bbcptv that had started in. Forty years after the revolution, more than two dozen experts look back on the rise of the islamic republic and explore what the startling events of 1979 continue to mean for the volatile middle.
Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi. In the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini ousted mohammad reza pahlavi, who succeeded his father as shah of iran in the early 1950s. Iranian foreign policy since the iranian islamic revolution.
This is crucial in understanding the nuanced nature of the 1979 revolution and why it cannot be oversimplified as only an islamic revolution. Ayatollah khomeini returns from being exiled in france. Khomeini, who later became the leader of the islamic revolution, reinterpreted the shia political thought and proposed a novel islamic theory of state. January 1979 saw the ussupported shah forced to leave the country. Khomeini argued that islamic law outlines an islamic state in which the clergy su. Geopolitical designation of the area stretching from the eastern mediterranean sea to the western side of the indian subcontinent. Women and the islamic revolution volume 15 issue 2 adele k. During the same period, there were rankandfile attempts to form. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. The rise and fall of the iranian revolution of 1979 nodo50. The iranian revolution at 30 middle east institute. Women and the islamic revolution international journal.
The downfall of americaniranian relations in the broad scope of history, one year is merely a vapor. Iranian foreign policy on the 35th anniversary of the islamic revolution abdullah yegin the iranian islamic revolution in february 1979 had regional and international repercussions. The iranian revolution kent as the islamic revolution or 1979 revolution an aw. The iranian revolution also known as the islamic revolution or 1979 revolution refers to events involving the overthrow of irans monarchy and its replacement with an islamic republic. Remembering irans 1979 islamic revolution as part of a series of conversations marking 1979 as a seminal year in the muslim world, steve inskeep talks. Islamist revolutionaries opposed the western secular policies of the authoritarian shah of iran mohammed reza pahlavi supporters of ayatollah khomeini organized protests in opposition to the authoritarian government of the shah. Were the thirteen essays michel foucault wrote in 1978 1979 endorsing the iranian revolution an aberration of his earlier work or an inevitable pitfall of his stance on enlightenment rationality, as critics have long alleged. Tehran, iran ap hundreds of thousands across iran marked the anniversary of its 1979 islamic revolution on tuesday amid some of the highest tensions ever between tehran and the. The iranian revolution put an end to the rule of the shah mohammed reza pahlevi, who had alienated powerful religious and political forces with a programme of modernisation and westernisation. The iran islamic revolution of 1979 summary youtube.
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